Neither Natives nor Nationals in Brazil: The ‘Indianisation’ of Bolivian Migrants in the City of São Paulo

Bolivian migrants in Brazil are commonly categorised as ‘indians’ who ‘enslaved’ São Paulo's garment industry. Simultaneously, self-identified indigenous peoples Brazilian urban centres constantly challenged to the authenticity of their claims indigeneity. This article explores racialisation based on an ethnography two street markets Paulo, social and spatial mobilities articulate race class hierarchies. It proposes that such is entrenched colonial socio-spatial hierarchies continue represent excluded from humanity, modernity city, reinforcing subaltern insertion labour market.